Ústav technické a experimentální fyziky Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics

Spontaneous BRST Symmetry Breaking in Infrared QCD

NázevTitle
Spontaneous BRST Symmetry Breaking in Infrared QCDSpontaneous BRST Symmetry Breaking in Infrared QCD
Druh výsledkuResult type
Článek v časopiseJournal article
AutořiAuthors
A. R. Fazio, A. Smetana
DOIDOI
10.3390/universe12050138
Časopis / citaceJournal / citation
Universe. 2026, 12(5), 1-22. ISSN 2218-1997.
RokYear
2026
JazykLanguage
eng
WoSWoS
001775432200001
ScopusScopus
2-s2.0-105040164461
RIVRIV
ProjektProject
Institucionální podpora na rozvoj výzkumné org.Institucionální podpora na rozvoj výzkumné org.

AbstraktAbstract

We present a novel proposal for the effective Lagrangian of the low-energy Yang-Mills quantum field theory. The proposed effective Lagrangian exhibits the spontaneous BRST symmetry breaking. We build on the Fujikawa model that we couple to the Yang-Mills elementary field sector, motivated by the analogy with Chiral Quark Model. We interpret the Fujikawa fields as effective fields, composites of the elementary gluon and ghost fields. In order to justify the existence of two massless Nambu-Goldstone modes among the Fujikawa fields, we require not only the BRST but also the anti-BRST invariance of the effective Lagrangian, with both being spontaneously broken. The most striking consequence of that is the emergence of the effective gluon and ghost masses. We reproduce the Curci-Ferrari model as a special case of our effective model upon the spontaneous BRST symmetry breaking. In order to reproduce also the non-nilpotent modified-BRST symmetry, characteristic for the Curci-Ferrari model, we modify our effective Lagrangian to be invariant with respect to the extended-BRST symmetry, which mixes the elementary and Fujikawa field sectors, and which is nilpotent. The Curci-Ferrari model is reproduced by the elementary field sector of the resulting Lagrangian. The remaining Fujikawa-field-dependent terms guarantee the underlying nilpotent extended-BRST symmetry, which is now hidden in the sense of the spontaneous symmetry breaking.

We present a novel proposal for the effective Lagrangian of the low-energy Yang-Mills quantum field theory. The proposed effective Lagrangian exhibits the spontaneous BRST symmetry breaking. We build on the Fujikawa model that we couple to the Yang-Mills elementary field sector, motivated by the analogy with Chiral Quark Model. We interpret the Fujikawa fields as effective fields, composites of the elementary gluon and ghost fields. In order to justify the existence of two massless Nambu-Goldstone modes among the Fujikawa fields, we require not only the BRST but also the anti-BRST invariance of the effective Lagrangian, with both being spontaneously broken. The most striking consequence of that is the emergence of the effective gluon and ghost masses. We reproduce the Curci-Ferrari model as a special case of our effective model upon the spontaneous BRST symmetry breaking. In order to reproduce also the non-nilpotent modified-BRST symmetry, characteristic for the Curci-Ferrari model, we modify our effective Lagrangian to be invariant with respect to the extended-BRST symmetry, which mixes the elementary and Fujikawa field sectors, and which is nilpotent. The Curci-Ferrari model is reproduced by the elementary field sector of the resulting Lagrangian. The remaining Fujikawa-field-dependent terms guarantee the underlying nilpotent extended-BRST symmetry, which is now hidden in the sense of the spontaneous symmetry breaking.